Kaplan Medical USMLE Step 1 Lecture Notes: Pharmacology (2013)

By Craig Davis, Steven R. Harris

Those are Adobe Clearscan PDF documents generated from six hundred dpi scans of the Kaplan USMLE Step 1 Lecture Notes which have been allotted to scholars in Kaplan clinical prep classes in 2014.

The following preface references 7 volumes. This includes in simple terms the Pharmacology volume.

These 7 volumes of Lecture Notes symbolize the most-likely-to-be-tested fabric at the present USMLE Step 1 examination. Please be aware that those are Lecture Notes, now not evaluate books. The Notes have been designed to be observed by means of school lectures­ dwell, on video, or on the net. analyzing them with out getting access to the accompanying lectures isn't really a good way to study for the USMLE.

To maximize the effectiveness of those Notes, annotate them as you hearken to lec­tures. To facilitate this technique, we've created huge, clean margins. whereas those margins are sometimes punctuated by way of college high-yield "margin notes:' they're, for the main half, left clean in your notations.

Many scholars locate that previewing the Notes ahead of the lecture is a really effec­tive method to organize for sophistication. this lets you expect the parts the place you'll have to pay specific realization. It additionally provides you the chance to map out how the knowledge goes to be offered and what kind of research aids (charts, diagrams, etc.) you'll want to upload. This approach works whether you're attending a dwell lecture or looking at one on video or the web.

Finally, we wish to pay attention what you think that. What do you're keen on in regards to the Notes? What may be more advantageous? Please percentage your suggestions via e-mailing us at med.feedback@ kaplan.com.

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Antagonism and Potentiation • Graded dose-response curves additionally supply information regarding antago­ nists-drugs that have interaction with receptors to intrude with their activa­ tion via agonists. keep watch over a hundred Q) (/) c zero Q. (/) Q) a: #Log dose of drug Compe titive j determine 1-2-4. D-R Curves of Antagonists and Potentiators • Bridge to Biochemistry Parallels among Receptor Antagonists and Enzyme Inhibitors Pharmacologic antagonism (same receptor) aggressive antagonists are analogous - aggressive antagonists: to aggressive inhibitors; they reduce ° reason a parallel shift to the perfect within the D-R curve for agonists ° may be reversed by way of zero seems to be to i the dose of the agonist drug . J, the efficiency of the agonist affinity (i Km) reaction yet no longer maximal (Vmax is still the same). Noncompetitive antagonists reduce V max yet don't switch the Km. � clinical 21 Section I • basic rules - Noncompetitive antagonists: • ° reason a nonparallel shift to the proper ° should be in basic terms in part reversed by way of zero seem to i the dose of the agonist J, the efficacy of the agonist Physiologic antagonism (different receptor) - agonists with opposing motion antagonize one another - instance: a vasoconstrictor with a vasodilator • Chemical antagonism: - Formation of a fancy among effector drug and one other compound - instance: protamine binds to heparin to opposite its activities • Potentiation - reasons a parallel shift to the left to the D-R curve - looks to i the efficiency of the agonist QUANTAL (CUMULATIVE) D-R CURVES • those curves plot the proportion of a inhabitants responding to a speci­ fied drug impression as opposed to dose or log dose. they allow estimations of the median powerful dose, or powerful dose in 50% of a population-EDSO. • Quantal curves can display the diversity of intersubject variability in drug reaction. Steep D-R curves mirror little variability; flat D-R curves indi­ cate nice variability in sufferer sensitivity to the consequences of a drug. Toxicity and the healing Index (Tl) • Comparisons among EDSO and TDSO values allow review of the relative protection of a drug (the healing index), as could comparability among EDSO and the deadly median dose (LDSO) if the latter is understood. TI TDSO = EDSO or LDSO EDSO healing a hundred poisonous OJ c "O c g_ (/) Q) 50 a: ct. 2 four 6 eight 10 mg/kg determine 1-2-5. Quantal 0-R Curves of healing and poisonous results of a Drug 22 � scientific Chapter 2 • • Pharmacodynamics As proven in determine 1-2-5, those D-R curves is additionally used to teach the connection among dose and poisonous results of a drug. The median poisonous dose of a drug (TD50) is the dose that explanations toxicity in 50% of a popu­ lation. • • From the knowledge proven, TI= 10/2 = five Such indices are of such a lot worth whilst toxicity represents an extension of the pharmacologic activities of a drug. they don't are expecting idiosyncratic reactions or drug allergic reaction. SIGNALING MECHANISMS: different types of DRUG­ RESPONSIVE SIGNALING MECHANISMS • Binding of an agonist drug to its receptor prompts an effector or sign­ • numerous types of drug-responsive signaling mechanisms are ing mechanism.

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