36  million years—the age of the oldest rocks at the ocean ground. PHILIPPINE EARTH’S OCEANS TONGA earth MARIANA seventy two 30,000 feet 9,000 m 33,000 feet 10,000 m 36,000 toes 11,000 m Submarine canyon A deep gorge within the continental slope, carved by means of ocean currents. Continental upward push a delicately sloping zone that extends down from the continental slope. Abyssal fan Silt carried down a canyon spreads out on the backside as a fan-shaped deposit. Guyot whilst a volcanic island sinks underneath the sea, it will definitely turns into a flattopped seamount, or “guyot. ” Mid-ocean ridge As plates pull aside, magma rises up among them, then cools and solidifies, making new tectonic plate. Underwater plateau a wide, flat-topped mound because of a couple of million years of underwater volcanic eruptions. Magma Melted rock underneath Earth’s floor is named magma. Above Earth’s floor it's referred to as lava. Animals dwelling in ocean trenches face up to pressures as much as 800 instances greater than the strain at sea point. Deep-sea people who smoke often came across close to mid-ocean ridges, subsea people who smoke develop the place large sizzling water spurts up from the seabed. Seawater seeps down into the seafloor and will get heated. the recent water rises and surges again into the chilly ocean, the place minerals dissolved in it develop into stable debris, which appear like smoke. The debris additionally increase to shape reliable chimneys round the plumes of sizzling water. 100,000  The envisioned variety of seamounts in Earth’s oceans. Smoke frequently black yet is usually white. seventy three Mineral chimney Can develop at an enormous 12 in (30 cm) an afternoon. Conduit A passage that scorching water strikes via. Tube worms targeted ecosystems boost in clusters round a few people who smoke. MANY SUBSEA people who smoke HAVE NAMES, together with MAGIC MOUNTAIN, chilly seawater This seeps down via cracks within the oceanic crust. LOKI’S fortress, FRED’S fort, GODZILLA, HULK, AND HOMER SIMPSON. Super-heated water Can achieve temperatures above 750°F (400°C). sizzling rock, or magma This heats water that has seeped into the crust. lower than the ocean Seamount An underwater volcano which may be lively or extinct. Volcanic island arc a marginally curved line of volcanic islands, came upon the place one plate slides less than one other at a subduction quarter. Volcanic island The above-water a part of an incredible undersea volcano. Abyssal undeniable A flat expanse of dust that covers an unlimited region of seafloor. The seafloor lies approximately 2. three miles (3. 7 km) less than the outside of the sea. it really is made from a rocky oceanic crust, that's lined in muddy sediment. Tectonic plates are ordinarily made from this oceanic crust and continental crust, besides a part of the mantle layer less than it. Erupting magma at the seafloor can create volcanic islands and seamounts. Sea point the ocean floor point, which varies very a bit through the years. Tectonic plate each one tectonic plate is made from crust and the head layer of the mantle. Oceanic crust this kind of crust is thinner than continental crust, and made from dark-colored rock. Ocean trench This varieties the place one tectonic plate strikes less than one other. Magma chamber A pool of magma underneath a volcano.