Decreasing a piston into the cylinder. (Courtesy Perkins Engines Ltd. ) fitting A PISTON you could lease a piston-ring clamp from an automobile elements shop, if you happen to comprehend the piston’s diameter. This device holds the earrings tightly of their grooves once you slide the piston into its cylinder (see determine 7-43. association of piston earrings on a piston. (Fritz Seegers) determine 7-44). you could dispense with the clamp, in spite of the fact that, when you have to. you will want a helper and 3 screwdrivers, or comparable blunt tools (see determine 7-45). utilizing one screwdriver, push the hoop on which the piston is sitting into its groove at its middle aspect (the aspect contrary the hoop gap). Your helper then works round the ring in a single course, easing the hoop into its groove until eventually nearly at one finish. she or he holds the hoop at this element with the second one screwdriver. Then she or he works round the ring within the different path, easing it into its groove till nearly on the different finish, preserving it at this aspect with the 3rd screwdriver. the hoop should still now be all of the means into its groove, and also you nonetheless have one hand unfastened to faucet the piston lightly down into the cylinder, utilizing the deal with of a hammer or comparable piece of wooden (see determine 7-45). determine 7-44. utilizing a piston-ring clamp. The clamp squeezes the piston jewelry into the grooves. (Courtesy Perkins Engines Ltd. ) The piston will slide down until eventually the subsequent ring sits on most sensible of the cylinder; repeat the approach. by no means use force—it will lead to damaged earrings. as soon as all of the earrings are within the cylinder, push the piston down from above and advisor the rod onto the crankshaft from under. ensure the connecting rod is coated up squarely with the crankshaft magazine. The crankshaft magazine (bearing floor) has to be spotlessly fresh (use lint-free rags) and good oiled. change the connecting rod cap. determine 7-45. changing a piston with no ring clamp. (Fritz Seegers) it's a sturdy perform to slot new cap bolts, whether or not they are known as for or no longer. those bolts are subjected to very excessive quite a bit, and if one fails, a massive volume of wear and tear will outcome. TORQUING techniques whilst the cap nuts and bolts are changed, they need to be tightened to a truly particular torque. it will take delivery of within the manufacturer’s requirements (if no longer on hand, see Tables 7-1 and 7-2 for normal guidelines). you will want a torque wrench. those wrenches point out precisely how a lot strain is being utilized to the nut or bolt. Torque wrenches are available in simple kinds. You alter the torque environment of the dearer wrenches by means of screwing the tip of the deal with out and in, lining up a pointer with a scale at the physique of the wrench. the dimensions exhibits the torque strain at which the wrench is now set. As you tighten the bolt or nut, the wrench will click on for those who achieve this torque atmosphere. you could listen and consider the press. desk 7-1. Cap Bolt and Nut requisites more cost-effective wrenches have a versatile deal with with a pointer hooked up to it, the tip of which strikes over a scale set around the wrench. As you observe strain to a nut or bolt, the deal with of the wrench flexes and the pointer strikes around the scale.