The intricacy and precision of those geometric designs some distance exceed something related in South the US, or maybe at any place else on this planet. but the stones into which they have been reduce with such nice ability were haphazardly thrown approximately via what could have been the main violent ordinary upheaval to have ever shaken Bolivia. As Reader’s Digest defined it, “A jumbled heap of stones having a look as though they have been hurled to the floor through a few nice average disaster, is all that continues to be of Puma Punku. ” other than its origin, the single unique constitution left particularly intact is what seems to be a canal, one other anomalous characteristic a few investigators think proves the location used to be initially a port for Lake Titicaca whilst its waters prolonged this a ways. however the discovery of synthetic ruins less than the lake renders that supposition untenable. The ruins of Puma Punku. Childress addresses the contradiction by means of asking, “If a major earthquake tossed down the 3 hundred-ton stones of Puma Punku, scattering them in regards to the simple like a number of toys, then why weren't the structures of Tiahuanaco likewise destroyed? Is it simply because they have been equipped at a later time, after the cataclysm? ” those demanding questions aren't simply replied. nonetheless, it truly is no simpler to appreciate how Tiahuanaco might have been outfitted or flourished in such an unsupportive surroundings. simply as tough to know is why one website was once decreased to ruins by means of an analogous upheaval that left the opposite, with its inferior tonnage and building, nonetheless status. unusually, Puma Punku bears a long way much less resemblance to within sight Tiahuanaco than it does to a different pre-Inca urban a few three hundred miles around the border, in Peru. whereas mountaineering the mountains above Ollantaytambo, i used to be surprised to discover the floor plagued by seashells. now not them all seemed to be fossilized, simply because they crumbled virtually to powder on the contact, implying they have been a number of thousand, no longer hundreds of thousands, of years outdated, as claimed by way of reliable students. If those mountains relatively have been lined by means of a few ocean lengthy earlier than people developed, the organisms left at the back of wouldn't nonetheless be unfossilized. I recalled my first view of the Andes from the open window of a venerable educate that laboriously wound its approach from Cuzco to Machu Picchu on the base of the sky-reaching peaks. They appeared very diversified from the Rockies, Appalachians, and Alps, them all evidently weathered with the passage of lengthy geological eras. The steep-sided Andes radiated a freshness that made them seem as if they'd simply been thrust up from the earth the former evening. My rational brain fought down the influence, which went opposed to present geological idea, yet has been still echoed by means of many different self sustaining observers. in accordance with David Scarboro, earth sciences school member of the Open college: The plates whose collision is uplifting the Andes Mountains are the South American plate and the Nazca plate. The Nazca plate is relocating eastwards from the East Pacific upward push. The South American plate is relocating westward from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.