On Benefits (The Complete Works of Lucius Annaeus Seneca)

By Lucius Annaeus Seneca

Lucius Annaeus Seneca (4 BCE–65 CE) used to be a Roman Stoic thinker, dramatist, statesman, and consultant to the emperor Nero, all through the Silver Age of Latin literature. the total Works of Lucius Annaeus Seneca is a clean and compelling sequence of latest English-language translations of his works in 8 available volumes. Edited by way of world-renowned classicists Elizabeth Asmis, Shadi Bartsch, and Martha C. Nussbaum, this enticing assortment restores Seneca—whose works were hugely praised via glossy authors from Desiderius Erasmus to Ralph Waldo Emerson—to his rightful position one of the classical writers most generally studied within the humanities.

On Benefits, written among fifty six and sixty four CE, is a treatise addressed to Seneca’s shut pal Aebutius Liberalis. The longest of Seneca’s works facing a unmarried subject—how to provide and obtain advantages and the way to precise gratitude appropriately—On merits is the single whole paintings on what we now name “gift alternate” to outlive from antiquity. advantages have been of serious own importance to Seneca, who remarked in a single of his later letters that philosophy teaches, mainly else, to owe and pay off merits well.

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The recipient won’t have the nerve to stare down such a lot of benefits; anywhere he turns in his efforts to prevent remembering them, allow him see you there. Besiege him along with your benefits. (3. 2) i'm going to inform you what the precise houses of benefits are, if you happen to will first allow me to bypass over the problems that don't subject: why there are 3 Graces; why they're sisters; why they're portrayed keeping palms with one another, smiling, younger, virginal, and with free and translucent garments. (3. three) a few humans strengthen the view that one among them stands for giving a benefit, one for receiving it, and one for returning it. Others carry that they signify 3 different types of benefactors: those that confer benefits, those that go back them, and those that settle for benefits and go back them whilst. (3. four) yet regardless of which of those interpretations you choose is correct, what stable does this really good wisdom do for us? And 21 booklet 1 what concerning the proven fact that the gang dances in a circle with intertwined fingers? Is it simply because a benefit has an orderly series, passing from hand handy and but returning to the giver, and loses its quintessential personality if the series is at any aspect damaged, being most pretty if the continuity of the alternation is maintained? within the dance, notwithstanding, the older sister has a better worth, like those that confer benefits. (3. five) The Graces have cheerful expressions, simply as those that provide and obtain benefits quite often do. they're younger as the remembrance of benefits will not be become older. they're virginal simply because benefits are unspoiled, natural, and respected by means of all. Benefits shouldn't be restricted or obligated—that is why the Graces put on unfastened gowns. And the gowns are translucent simply because benefits are looking to be in complete view. (3. 6) yet believe that somebody is so devoted to the Greeks that he thinks those questions are important. on the other hand, not anyone will imagine it issues what names Hesiod gave the Graces. He known as the eldest Aglaea, the center one Euphrosyne, and the youngest Thalia. every one authority twists the translation of those names because it fits him, attempting to lessen them to a few orderly plan; in truth, even though, Hesiod simply assigned to the women the names that he felt like giving them. (3. 7) So Homer replaced the identify of 1, referred to as her Pasiphaë and engaged her to be married—so you could inform that those will not be Vestal Virgins!  i'll find you one other poet who portrays the Graces as tightly girded, and as going approximately in thick Phryxian wool clothing. So Mercury stands beside them too, no longer since it is reason—that is, discourse—that urges us to offer benefits, yet simply because that's what the painter felt like doing. (3. eight) Chrysippus, who's well-known for his subtle highbrow research that will get to the guts of the reality, and who simply says what's had to get the task performed and not makes use of extra phrases than he wishes with a purpose to be understood—Chrysippus, too, filled his complete publication with this nonsense, leaving himself just a bit of room to debate the particular technique of giving, receiving, and returning benefits.

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